Functions, principles and skills of management are considered universal. Modern managers are concerned with not only what happens inside the organisation but also with what happens outside the organisation. fayol’s principle of management. Conclusion. It helps concentrate on matters of strategic importance like statistical quality control, total quality management, production planning and control etc. An organisation should be able to operate in the changing environmental conditions. This includes various procedures and processes like controlling process and system, controlling techniques and information technology, productivity and operations management etc. Re-engineering does not just aim at improving the current work processes. This approach has concentrated on inter-personal roles and responsibilities. All individuals should collectively make efforts towards achievement of organisational goals and consider their individual goals as sub-ordinate to organisational goals. Proctor & Gamble has a wide product line of food items, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics etc. SWOT analysis enables an organisation to discover its distinctive competence and implement strategies that will exploit its strengths and improve its performance above that of competitors. iii. Workers are considered as part of the group. (3) Bureaucracy developed by Max Webber. Flag this paper! There should be formal, short and clear channels of communication so that quick and efficient transmission of information takes place throughout the organisation. Two empowering ways to redesign jobs are: It means increasing the jobs scope. ii. It requires a software system that links all organisational activities, work planning and scheduling software, customer relationship management systems, e-business corrections with trading network partners etc. Less effective leaders are mostly directive in their approaches and most concerned with closely directing employees, explaining work procedures and monitoring progress in task accomplishment, there he called job centered leaders. History reveals that strong men organized the masses into groups according to their intelligence, physical and mental capabilities. His ideas on re-engineering focus on revolutionary change and not orderly change. A firm’s core competence is a set of skills, competence and expertise possessed by all its people (managers and non- managers). The development of management thought is the result of contributions made by pioneering management thinkers and experts from other social sciences such as economics and psychology. Managers at each level should support, facilitate and promote value chain management practices. i. Business firms must, therefore, concentrate in areas of core competence and outsource other areas to outside agencies. According to him, MBO helps to overcome four major organisational problems: (i) The specialised work of most managers, (ii) The hierarchical structure of management, (iii) The differences in vision and work and. His decisions should be acceptable to sub-ordinates. McGregor’s theory focussed on behavioural management. His best known book is “on the economy of machinery and manufactures” published in 1832. Her ideas on human relationships were advocated before the Hawthorne experiments were conducted by Elton Mayo. Evolution of management thought may be divided into four stages 1. In 1886, he has presented a paper entitled “The Engineer as an Economist.” In this paper he urged the combination of engineers and economists as industrial managers. Jobs should be made rewarding and redefined to include greater, legitimate and expert authority. Value chain partners share and analyse information through open communication. Quantitative Approach or Mathematical Approach: It is also known as Management science approach or decision theory approach. It does not provide scientific vision to study human behaviour. Both applied scientific methods to the problems of management. It focused on use of mathematical and statistical techniques in management. Organisation is a single unit with interrelated and integrated parts to contribute towards the overall goals. Management is also a profession because it is based on advanced and cultivated knowledge. Classical Theory (a) Scientific Management (b) Administrative Management (c) Bureaucratic Model 3. People are motivated by economic gains. He stressed upon the need for effective management. The focus is on positive attitude towards change and new ideas. 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